Sass & Compass: The future of stylesheets now.

Transcript

1. View Slide

2. Brandon
   Mathis
   

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3. View Slide

4. CSS 2.1 CSS 3
   

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5. what they see
   › Speed
   › Works on my phone
   › Woah, 3D animation!
   › New Fonts
   › Browser competition
   

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6. what we see
   what they see
   

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7. what we see
   › Way more complexity,
   same old tools.
   › Selectors, properties
   and values. That's it?
   › No variables?
   › No math?
   

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8. CSS is a declarative language
   made of selectors, properties,
   values and schemes for
   priority and inheritance,
   defining how styles apply.
   

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10. .msg { padding: 24px; }
    .msg h3 {
    padding: 24px;
    margin: -24px -24px 0;
    }
    It looks like we're in
    trouble…
    Zounds!
    OK
    • Repetition causes maintenance challenges
    • Relationships are not clear
    • Reasons are trapped in the mind of the designer
    Problems
    

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11. Dear W3C, We rely on
    advanced text editors,
    calculators, color pickers and
    widgets to make writing CSS
    bearable.
    Throw us a frickin' bone.
    

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13. Sass extends CSS3 with
    variables, math, mixins &
    more. But at its core, Sass is a
    layer of empathy between the
    designer and the stylesheets.
    

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14. gem install sass
    >>> Change detected to: /Users/imathis/
    project/sass/screen.scss
    overwrite ./screen.css
    sass --watch screen.scss
    >>> Sass is watching for changes. Press
    Ctrl-C to stop.
    Setup
    Bash
    

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15. article {
    margin-bottom: 2em;
    .entry-content {
    border-top: 1px solid #eee;
    }
    }
    SCSS - Sassy CSS (.scss)
    

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16. article
    margin-bottom: 2em
    .entry-content
    border-top: 1px solid #eee
    Indented Sass (.sass)
    

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17. Nesting
    SIMPLE & BRILLIANT
    

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18. Nesting Rules
    article {
    border-top: 1px dashed #eee;
    header { margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
    }
    article { border-top: 1px dashed #eee; }
    article header { margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
    SCSS
    CSS
    

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19. article {
    header, section { margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
    }
    Nesting Rules
    SCSS
    article header, article section {
    margin-bottom: 1.5em;
    }
    CSS
    

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20. article > h2 { border-top:1px dashed #eee }
    article ~ article { padding-top: 1.5em }
    article + footer { margin-top: 0 }
    article * { color: #000 }
    article {
    > h2 { border-top: 1px dashed #eee }
    ~ article { padding-top: 1.5em }
    + footer { margin-top: 0 }
    * { color: #000 }
    }
    Nest Symbol Selectors
    SCSS
    CSS
    

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21. a { color: blue; display: inline-block;
    line-height: 1.8em; }
    a:hover { color: red }
    a {
    color: blue;
    &:hover { color: red }
    display: inline-block;
    line-height: 1.8em;
    }
    & references a rule’s parent selectors.
    The Parent Selector
    SCSS
    CSS
    

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22. article h1 { font-size: 2.4em }
    .blog-index article h1 { font-size: 2em }
    article {
    h1 { font-size: 2.4em }
    .blog-index & {
    h1 { font-size: 2em }
    }
    }
    & can add context to a selector.
    The Parent Selector
    SCSS
    CSS
    

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23. button {
    background: linear-gradient(#444, #222);
    }
    .no-cssgradients button {
    background: #333
    }
    button {
    background: linear-gradient(#444,#222);
    .no-cssgradients & { background: #333 }
    }
    The Parent Selector
    & loves working with Modernizr.
    SCSS
    CSS
    

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24. #content { margin: 0 1.5em; }
    @media screen and (min-width: 1280px) {
    #content { margin: 0 1.5em; }
    }
    #content {
    margin: 0 1.5em;
    @media screen and (min-width: 1280px) {
    margin: 0 2.5em
    }
    }
    @media rules bubble up with context.
    @media bubbling
    SCSS
    CSS
    

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25. Variables
    A LANGUAGE’S BREAD & BUTTER
    

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26. Using Variables
    ›Colors, numbers, or text.
    ›Understands units
    ›$variable: value;
    

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27. $link-color: blue;
    $link-hover: red;
    a {
    color: $link-color;
    &:hover { color: $link-hover; }
    }
    a { color: blue; }
    a:hover { color: red; }
    SCSS
    CSS
    

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28. $msg-pad: 24px;
    .msg {
    padding:$msg-pad;
    h3 {
    padding:$msg-pad;
    margin:(-$msg-pad)
    (-$msg-pad) 0; }}
    It looks like we're in
    trouble…
    Zounds!
    OK
    • No unnecessary repetition, low maintenance
    • The variable makes relationships clear
    • The designer's reasoning is evident
    With Sass…
    

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29. @extend
    THE BOMB DIGGITY
    OF STYLESHEET
    ABSTRACTION
    

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30. 
    Delete
    
    HTML
    .button {
    background: blue; color: white;
    padding:0.2em 0.8em;
    border-radius:0.4em;
    }
    .button-delete { background: red; }
    CSS
    

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31. .button {
    background: blue; color: white;
    padding:0.2em 0.8em;
    border-radius:0.4em;
    }
    .button-delete {
    @extend .button;
    background: red;
    }
    SCSS
    Using @extend
    

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32. .button, .button-delete {
    background: blue; color: white;
    padding:0.2em 0.8em;
    border-radius:0.4em;
    }
    .button-delete { background: red; }
    CSS
    .msg .button, .msg .button-delete {
    font-size: 1.8em;
    }
    

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33. Mixins
    NOW WE’RE COOKIN’
    

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34. @mixin hover-link {
    text-decoration: none;
    &:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
    }
    SCSS
    nav a { text-decoration: none; }
    nav a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
    CSS
    nav a { @include hover-link; }
    

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35. @mixin border-radius($amount) {
    border-radius: $amount;
    -webkit-border-radius: $amount;
    -moz-border-radius: $amount;
    }
    .msg { @include border-radius(5px); }
    SCSS
    .msg {
    border-radius: 5px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
    -moz-border-radius: 5px;
    }
    CSS
    

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36. Defaults and named arguments
    @mixin link-color($text:blue, $hover:red) {
    color: $text;
    &:hover { color: $hover; }
    }
    SCSS
    a { color: blue; }
    a:hover { green; }
    CSS
    a {
    @include link-colors($hover: green);
    }
    

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37. THE RIGHT WAY
    Importing
    

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38. _grid.scss
    _typor.scss
    _core.scss
    screen.scss screen.css
    Combine Sass with @import.
    /* screen.scss */
    @import "core";
    SCSS
    @import "typography", "grid";
    

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39. You can also nest an @import.
    @media screen and (min-width: 320px) {
    @import 'phone';
    }
    #account {
    @import 'pages/account';
    }
    SCSS
    

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40. Math
    ǔ Ǖǖ FINALLY
    

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41. Math Operators
    Math operators (+, -, *, /, %) work with numbers
    SCSS
    1em + 1em; // 2em
    1em - 1em; // 0em
    1in + 72pt; // 2in
    6px * 4; // 24px
    18 % 5; // 3
    

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42. Division a special case
    SCSS
    font : 18px / 1.45em; // 18px/1.45em
    font : (20px / 5); // 4px
    font : 20px / 5 + 1; // 5px
    font : $base / 5; // 4px
    $size : 20px / 5; // 4px
    

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43. SCSS
    $container : 960px;
    $main : 680px;
    $gutter : 30px;
    #sidebar {
    width: $container - $main - $gutter;
    }
    CSS
    #sidebar { width: 250px;}
    

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44. Number Functions
    percentage(13/25) // 52%
    round(2.4) // 2
    ceil(2.2) // 3
    floor(2.6) // 2
    abs(-24) // 24
    SCSS
    

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45. Loops
    Conditions
    &
    IS IT GETTING HOT IN HERE?
    

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46. ›Logic Operators < > <= >= == !=
    ›@if, @else, @else if
    ›and, or
    Conditionals
    

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47. 1 < 20 // true
    10 <= 20 // true
    4 > 1 // true
    4 >= 1 // true
    SCSS
    Relational operators (<, >, <=, >=) evaluate numbers
    1 + 1 == 2 // true
    small != big // true
    #000 == black // true
    SCSS
    Comparison operators (==, !=) evaluate all data types
    

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48. red == #f00
    red == #ff0000
    red == rgb(255, 0, 0)
    red == rgba(255, 0, 0, 1.0)
    red == hsl(0deg, 100%, 100%)
    red == hsla(0deg, 100%, 100%, 1)
    SCSS
    

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49. Conditional theming
    $theme: ocean;
    div {
    @if $theme == dusty {
    background: #c6bba9;
    color: $color;
    } @else if $theme == ocean {
    background: blue;
    color: white;
    }
    }
    SCSS
    

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50. The if function
    SCSS
    $main-bg: #000;
    .main {
    color: if($main-bg == black, #fff, #000);
    }
    

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51. The @for loop
    SCSS
    @for $level from 0 to 5 {
    .tag-#{$level + 1} {
    font-size: .7em + ($level * .5em);
    }
    }
    CSS
    .tag-1 { font-size: 0.7em; }
    .tag-2 { font-size: 1.2em; }
    .tag-3 { font-size: 1.7em; }
    .tag-4 { font-size: 2.2em; }
    .tag-5 { font-size: 2.7em; }
    

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52. The @while loop
    SCSS
    $level: 0;
    @while $level < 5 {
    .tag-#{$level + 1} {
    font-size: .7em + ($level * .5em);
    }
    $level: $level + 1;
    }
    CSS
    .tag-1 { font-size: 0.7em; }
    .tag-2 { font-size: 1.2em; }
    .tag-3 { font-size: 1.7em; }
    .tag-4 { font-size: 2.2em; }
    .tag-5 { font-size: 2.7em; }
    

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53. The @each loop
    SCSS
    $animals: puma, crab, emu, duck;
    @each $animal in $animals {
    .#{$animal}-icon {
    background: url('/images/#{$animal}.png');
    }
    }
    CSS
    .puma-icon { background: url('/images/puma.png'); }
    .crab-icon { background: url('/images/crab.png'); }
    .emu-icon { background: url('/images/emu.png'); }
    .duck-icon { background: url('/images/duck'); }
    

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54. Color
    SORRY COLOR PICKER,
    I’VE MET SOMEONE …
    

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55. The RGBA function
    a { color: rgba(blue, .75) }
    p { background: rgba(#ffa, .25) }
    SCSS
    a { color: rgba(255, 255, 170, 0.25) }
    p { background: rgba(255, 255, 170, 0.25) }
    CSS
    

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56. Inspecting Colors
    $color: red;
    hue($color); // 0deg
    saturation($color); // 100%
    lightness($color); // 50%
    red($color); // 100
    green($color); // 0
    blue($color); // 0
    alpha($color); // 100
    SCSS
    

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57. $darkbg: lightness($bg) < lightness(gray);
    button {
    color: if($darkbg, #fff, #000);
    }
    SCSS
    TEXT TEXT
    vs
    

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58. Manipulating Colors
    mix(red, yellow, 30%)
    mix(red, yellow)
    invert(blue) complement(#6cf620)
    grayscale(yellow)
    

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59. HSLA Manipulations
    adjust-hue(#77a7f9,90) adjust-hue(#77a7f9,-90)
    saturate(#9b8a60,50%) desaturate(#d9a621,50%)
    darken(#6cf620,30%) lighten(#2e7805,50%)
    

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60. HSLA Manipulations
    fade-out(#fab, .5) fade-in(rgba(#fab,.5),.5)
    

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61. lighten($bg, 8%);
    darken($bg, 8%);
    $bg: #ccc;
    

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62. change-color
    change-color($color, [$red], [$green], [$blue],
    [$hue], [$saturation], [$lightness], [$alpha]);
    SCSS
    set any property of a color
    

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63. change-color
    change-color(#ba5637, $hue:60);
    change-color(#8e9cb3, $saturation:100);
    #19f65d
    #4288ff
    change-color(#6cf620, $green: 60, $blue: 100);
    #6C3C64
    

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64. adjust-color
    adjust-color($color, [$red], [$green], [$blue],
    [$hue], [$saturation], [$lightness], [$alpha]);
    SCSS
    Incrementally manipulate any property of a color
    

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65. adjust-color(#d3fa7b, $hue:60, $lightness: -20%);
    adjust-color(#5f8fe3, $green:100, $alpha: -0.25);
    #19f65d
    rgba(95, 255, 227, 0.75);
    

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66. scale-color
    scale-color($color, [$red], [$green], [$blue],
    [$saturation], [$lightness], [$alpha]);
    SCSS
    fluidly scale any percentage based property of a color
    

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67. scale-color(#adf609, $lightness:50%);
    adjust-color(#adf609, $lightness:50%);
    #d6fa84
    white
    lightness
    0% 50% 100%
    scale-color adjust-color
    

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68. Custom
    Functions
    PUT A CHERRY ON TOP
    

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69. @function pxem($px, $context: 16px) {
    @return ($px / $context) * 1em;
    }
    article h2 { font-size: pxem(45px); }
    SCSS
    article h2 { font-size: 2.813em; }
    CSS
    

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70. @function text-contrast($bg,
    $light:#fff, $dark:#000){
    $darkbg:lightness($bg) < lightness(gray);
    @return if($darkbg, $light, $dark);
    }
    SCSS
    button { @include easy-button(blue); }
    @mixin easy-button($bg){
    color: text-contrast($bg);
    background: linear-gradient(
    lighten($bg, 8), darken($bg, 8));
    }
    

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72. ›Mixin library
    ›Sass functions
    ›Environmental awareness
    ›Extensions
    What we get?
    

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73. Setup
    gem install compass
    compass create my_project
    Bash
    

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74. Configuration
    http_path = "/"
    css_dir = "stylesheets"
    sass_dir = "sass"
    images_dir = "images"
    fonts_dir = "fonts"
    javascripts_dir = "javascripts"
    output_style = :compressed
    Ruby
    

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75. Helper functions
    adjust-lightness, scale-lightness
    adjust-saturation, scale-saturation
    image-url
    image-height
    image-width
    inline-image
    font-url
    inline-font-files
    pi
    sin
    cos
    tan
    more...
    SCSS
    

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76. SCSS
    CSS
    header {
    background: url('/images/hbg.png?1351…');
    }
    h1 { width: image-width('logo.png');
    height: image-height('logo.png');
    header {
    background: image-url('hbg.png');
    background: inline-image('logo.png')
    }
    }
    header h1 { width: 220px; height: 100px;
    background: url('data:image/png;base64...
    }
    

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77. Compass mixins
    Element styles
    Links, Lists, Float, Tables, Text
    General utilities
    Browser Hacks, Clear!xes, Resets
    Design patterns
    Tag Cloud, Sticky footer, Vertical rhythm
    CSS3
    appearance, background, gradients, background-clip
    background-origin, background-size, border-radius
    box, box-shadow,box-sizing, CSS3 PIE, columns,
    font-face, opacity, transform, transition, more...
    

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78. Example with CSS3 Mixins
    .msg {
    @include background(linear-gradient(#fff, #eee));
    @include border-radius(5px);
    }
    SCSS
    .msg {
    background: -webkit-gradient(linear, 50% 0%, 50% 100%,
    color-stop(0%, #ffffff), color-stop(100%, #eeeeee));
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(#ffffff, #eeeeee);
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(#ffffff, #eeeeee);
    background: -ms-linear-gradient(#ffffff, #eeeeee);
    background: linear-gradient(#ffffff, #eeeeee);
    -moz-border-radius: 5px;
    -webkit-border-radius: 5px;
    -ms-border-radius: 5px;
    border-radius: 5px; }
    CSS
    

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79. Pros:
    Cons:
    › Speed
    › Server load
    › Creating sprite maps
    › Writing the CSS
    › Maintenance
    Using Sprites
    

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80. Compass magic sprites
    › Generates the sprite map
    › Generates the CSS
    › Easy to con!gure classes, spacing, etc
    › Add a new image? updates automatically
    

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81. .social-sprite, .social-amazon, .social-app-store, .social-apple, .social-blogger, .social-
    delicious, .social-deviantart, .social-digg, .social-dribbble, .social-facebook, .social-flickr, .social-
    forrst, .social-google, .social-html5, .social-lastfm, .social-linkedin, .social-microsoft, .social-
    myspace, .social-paypal, .social-rss, .social-skype, .social-stumbleupon, .social-tumblr, .social-
    twitter, .social-twitter2, .social-vimeo, .social-wordpress, .social-yahoo, .social-youtube { background:
    url('../images/social-sfdebe26bed.png') no-repeat; }
    .social-amazon { background-position: 0 0; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-app-store { background-position: 0 -32px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-apple { background-position: 0 -64px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-blogger { background-position: 0 -96px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-delicious { background-position: 0 -128px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-deviantart { background-position: 0 -160px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-digg { background-position: 0 -192px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-dribbble { background-position: 0 -224px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-facebook { background-position: 0 -256px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-flickr { background-position: 0 -288px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-forrst { background-position: 0 -320px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-google { background-position: 0 -352px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-html5 { background-position: 0 -384px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-lastfm { background-position: 0 -416px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-linkedin { background-position: 0 -448px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-microsoft { background-position: 0 -480px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-myspace { background-position: 0 -512px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-paypal { background-position: 0 -544px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-rss { background-position: 0 -576px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-skype { background-position: 0 -608px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-stumbleupon { background-position: 0 -640px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-tumblr { background-position: 0 -672px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-twitter { background-position: 0 -704px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-twitter2 { background-position: 0 -736px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-vimeo { background-position: 0 -768px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-wordpress { background-position: 0 -800px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-yahoo { background-position: 0 -832px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    .social-youtube { background-position: 0 -864px; height: 32px; width: 32px; }
    @import "social/*.png";
    @include all-social-sprites($dimensions:true);
    

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82. ›Easy to write and share
    ›Sass, Images, HTML, JS, Fonts, etc
    ›Zip or Ruby gems
    Extensions
    

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83. › Fancy Buttons, Sassy Buttons - easy CSS3 buttons
    › Animate - CSS3 animation library
    › RGBApng - Generate alpha pngs from Sass
    › Compass Magick - Render CSS3 Gradients to png
    › Many more...
    Plugins & Extensions
    

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84. umdf.org/compass
    

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85. COLOR SHCEME
    CRACK THE
    ColorHacker
    

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86. SCSS
    $key: #d3643b;
    $color-2: scale-color(
    adjust-hue($key, 26.673deg),
    $saturation: -74.296%, $lightness: 82%);
    $color-3: scale-color(
    adjust-hue($key, 69.2deg),
    $saturation: -52%, $lightness: 64.167%);
    @debug(hack-colors(#d3643b #edebe6 #d6e1c7));
    Reverse engineering color
    

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87. button { @include background(linear-gradient(
    $color-2 0%, $color-3 50%, $key 50%, $color-4 100%));
    border: 1px solid $color-5;
    }
    Pick gradients
    button { background:linear-gradient(#588EE7
    0%, #1A55B5 50%, #003895 50%, #0D4AAD 100%);
    border: 1px solid #001F53;
    }
    $button: #003895 #588EE7 #1A55B5 #0D4AAD #001F53;
    @debug(color-hack($button));
    

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88. adjust-hue($key, 32deg);
    adjust-hue($key,-32deg);
    $scheme: #d3643b #edebe6 #d6e1c7 #94c7b6 #403b33;
    Tweak color schemes
    

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89. j.mp/color-hacker
    `gem install color-hacker`
    

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90. YOU’RE ALL LOVELY PEOPLE
    Thank You
    

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91. twitter + github
    Brandon Mathis
    @imathis
    

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92. Talk links:
    j.mp/imathis-fowd-links
    

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