Powerful Rails Features You Might Not Know

Transcript

1. Chris Oliver
   Powerful TypeScript Rails
   Features You Might Not know
   

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2. Learn Your Tools
   

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3. ActiveRecord Excluding
   User.where.not(id: users.map(&:id))
   # SELECT "users".* FROM "users"
   WHERE "users"."id" NOT IN (1,2)
   User.all.excluding(users)
   # SELECT "users".* FROM "users"
   WHERE "users"."id" NOT IN (1,2)
   

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4. ActiveRecord Strict Loading
   class Project < ApplicationRecord
   has_many :comments, strict_loading: true
   end
   project = Project.first
   project.comments
   ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError
   `Project` is marked as strict_loading. The Comment
   association named `:comments` cannot be lazily loaded.
   

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5. ActiveRecord Strict Loading
   project = Project.includes(:comments).first
   Project Load (0.3ms) SELECT "projects".* FROM
   "projects" ORDER BY "projects"."id" ASC LIMIT ?
   [["LIMIT", 1]]
   Comment Load (0.1ms) SELECT "comments".* FROM
   "comments" WHERE "comments"."project_id" = ?
   [["project_id", 1]]
   => #
   project.comments
   => [#body: "Hello RailsWorld">]
   

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6. Generated Columns
   class AddNameVirtualColumnToUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]
   def change
   add_column :users, :full_name, :virtual,
   type: :string,
   as: "first_name || ' ' || last_name",
   stored: true
   end
   end
   

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7. attr_readonly
   class User < ApplicationRecord
   attr_readonly :super_admin
   end
   

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8. with_options
   class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
   with_options dependent: :destroy do
   has_many :customers
   has_many :products
   has_many :invoices
   has_many :expenses
   end
   end
   

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9. with_options
   I18n.with_options locale: user.locale, scope: 'newsletter' do |i18n|
   subject i18n.t :subject
   body i18n.t :body, user_name: user.name
   end
   

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10. Try
    method_name if respond_to?(:method_name)
    try(:method_name)
    try(:method_name) || default
    (method_name if respond_to?(:method_name)) || default
    

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11. ActionText Embeds
    

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12. Searching Users
    json.array! @users do |user|
    json.sgid user.attachable_sgid
    json.content render(
    partial: "users/user",
    locals: {user: user},
    formats: [:html]
    )
    end
    

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13. Signed GlobalIDs
    User.first.attachable_sgid.to_s
    "eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaEpJaDluYVdRNkx5OX
    FkVzF3YzNSaGNuUXRZWEJ3TDFWelpYSXZNUVk2QmtWVSIsImV4c
    CI6IjIwMjMtMTAtMjhUMTY6MDY6MTEuMjEyWiIsInB1ciI6ImRl
    ZmF1bHQifX0=--217284b31bc4e28f6e2cf2890ccee87ca7d3e
    a2d"
    

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14. ActionText Embeds
    

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15. ActionText Embeds
    import Trix from "trix"
    let attachment = new Trix.Attachment({
    content: " Chris Oliver",
    sgid: "BAh7CEkiCG…"
    })
    element.editor.insertAttachment(attachment)
    

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16. ActionText Embeds
    Hey
    !
    

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17. Signed GlobalIDs
    Base64.decode64("eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaEpJaDluYVdRNkx5
    OXFkVzF3YzNSaGNuUXRZWEJ3TDFWelpYSXZNUVk2QmtWVSIsImV4cCI6IjIwMjMtM
    TAtMjhUMTY6MD
    Y6MTEuMjEyWiIsInB1ciI6ImRlZmF1bHQifX0=“)
    => “{\"_rails\":{\"message\":
    \"BAhJIh9naWQ6Ly9qdW1wc3RhcnQtYXBwL1VzZXIvMQY6BkVU\",\"exp\":
    \"2023-10-28T16:06:11.212Z\",\"pur\":\"attachable\"}}"
    

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18. Signed GlobalIDs
    Base64.decode64(“BAhJIh9naWQ6Ly9qdW1wc3RhcnQtYXBwL1VzZXI
    vMQY6BkVU")
    => “\x04\bI\"\x1Fgid://jumpstart-pro/User/1\x06:\x06ET"
    

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19. ActionText Embeds
    

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20. Serialize Coders
    module ActionText
    class RichText < Record
    serialize :body, coder: ActionText::Content
    end
    end
    

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21. Serialize Coders
    class ActionText::Content
    def self.load(content)
    new(content) if content
    end
    def self.dump(content)
    case content
    when nil
    nil
    when self
    content.to_html
    end
    end
    end
    

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22. ActionMailbox Inbound Emails
    

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23. ActionMailbox Inbound Emails
    # app/mailboxes/application_mailbox.rb
    class ApplicationMailbox < ActionMailbox::Base
    routing /@replies\./i => :replies
    end
    

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24. class RepliesMailbox < ApplicationMailbox
    MATCHER = /^reply-(\d+)@replies\./
    def process
    conversation.posts.create!(
    author: author,
    body: body,
    message_id: mail.message_id
    )
    end
    private
    def conversation
    Conversation.find(conversation_id)
    end
    def conversation_id
    mail.recipients.find { |recipient| MATCHER.match?(recipient) }[MATCHER, 1]
    end
    end
    ActionMailbox Inbound Emails
    

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25. Routing constraints
    constraints subdomain: :app do
    root "dashboard#show"
    end
    root "homepage#show"
    

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26. Routing constraints
    authenticated :user, -> { _1.admin? } do
    resource :admin
    end
    authenticated :user do
    root "dashboard#show"
    end
    root "homepage#show"
    

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27. Routing constraints
    

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28. Draw Routes
    Rails.application.routes.draw do
    draw :api
    # ...
    end
    # config/routes/api.rb
    namespace :api, defaults: {format: :json} do
    namespace :v1 do
    resources :accounts
    end
    end
    

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29. Custom Generators
    $ bin/rails g api_client OpenAI
    --base-url https://api.openai.com
    

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30. Custom Generators
    $ bin/rails generate generator ApiClient
    creates an ApiClient generator:
    lib/generators/api_client/
    lib/generators/api_client/api_client_generator.rb
    lib/generators/api_client/USAGE
    lib/generators/api_client/templates/
    test/lib/generators/api_client_generator_test.rb
    

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31. Custom Turbo Stream Actions
    

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32. Custom Turbo Stream Actions
    
    
    

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33. Custom Turbo Stream Actions
    # create.turbo_stream.erb
    <%= turbo_stream_action_tag “notification”,
    title: “Hello world” %>
    

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34. Custom Turbo Stream Actions
    import "@hotwired/turbo-rails"
    Turbo.StreamActions.notification = function() {
    Notification.requestPermission(function(status) {
    if (status == "granted") {
    new Notification(this.getAttribute("title"))
    }
    })
    }
    

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35. Custom Turbo Stream Actions
    

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36. truncate_words
    content = 'And they found that many people were sleeping better.'
    content.truncate_words(5, omission: '... (continued)')
    # => "And they found that many... (continued)"
    

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37. starts_at > Time.current
    starts_at.after?(Time.current)
    starts_at.future?
    Time Helpers
    starts_at < Time.current
    starts_at.before?(Time.current)
    starts_at.past?
    

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38. Time.current.all_day
    #=> Fri, 06 Oct 2023 00:00:00 UTC +00:00..
    Fri, 06 Oct 2023 23:59:59 UTC +00:00
    Time.current.all_week
    #=> Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 UTC +00:00..
    Sun, 08 Oct 2023 23:59:59 UTC +00:00
    Time.current.all_month
    #=> Sun, 01 Oct 2023 00:00:00 UTC +00:00..
    Tue, 31 Oct 2023 23:59:59 UTC +00:00
    Time Helpers
    

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39. 123 -> 123
    1234 -> 1,234
    10512 -> 10.5K
    2300123 -> 2.3M
    Abbreviated numbers
    

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40. Abbreviated numbers
    number_to_human(123) # => "123"
    number_to_human(12345) # => "12.3 Thousand"
    number_to_human(1234567) # => "1.23 Million"
    number_to_human(489939, precision: 2) # => "490 Thousand"
    number_to_human(489939, precision: 4) # => "489.9 Thousand"
    number_to_human(1234567, precision: 4,
    significant: false)# => "1.2346 Million"
    

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41. def number_to_social(number)
    return number_with_delimiter(number) if number < 10_000
    number_to_human(number,
    precision: 1,
    round_mode: :down,
    significant: false,
    format: "%n%u",
    units: {thousand: "K", million: "M", billion: "B"}
    )
    end
    Abbreviated numbers
    

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42. Abbreviated numbers
    number_to_social(123) #=> 123
    number_to_social(1_234) #=> 1,234
    number_to_social(10_512) #=> 10.5K
    number_to_social(2_300_123) #=> 2.3M
    

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43. Rails 7.1
    

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44. Rails.env.local?
    Rails.env.development? || Rails.env.test?
    Rails.env.local?
    

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45. ActiveSupport Inquiry
    "production".inquiry.production? # => true
    "active".inquiry.inactive? # => false
    

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46. Unused routes
    $ rails routes --unused
    Found 4 unused routes:
    Prefix Verb URI Pattern Controller#Action
    edit_comment GET /comments/:id/edit(.:format) comments#edit
    PATCH /comments/:id(.:format) comments#update
    PUT /comments/:id(.:format) comments#update
    DELETE /comments/:id(.:format) comments#destroy
    

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47. Template strict locals
    <%# locals: (message:) -%>
    <%= tag.div id: dom_id(message) do %>
    <%= message %>
    <% end %>
    <%= render partial: “message” %>
    ArgumentError: missing local: :message
    <%= render partial: “message”,
    locals: {message: @message} %>
    

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48. Template strict locals
    <%# locals: (message: “Hello”) -%>
    
    <%= message %>
    
    <%= render partial: “message” %>
    <%= render partial: “message”,
    locals: {message: “Hey”} %>
    

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49. Template strict locals
    <%# locals: () -%>
    
    Hello RailsWorld!
    
    <%= render partial: “message” %>
    

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50. normalizes
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    end
    def email=(value)
    super value&.strip&.downcase
    end
    

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51. normalizes
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    end
    normalizes :email, with: ->(email) { email.strip.downcase }
    normalizes :email, with: ->{ _1.strip.downcase }
    

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52. has_secure_password
    authenticate_by & password_challenge
    

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53. authenticate_by
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    has_secure_password
    end
    User.find_by(email: "[email protected]")
    &.authenticate(“railsworld2023")
    #=> false or user
    User.authenticate_by(
    email: "[email protected]",
    password: "railsworld2023"
    ) #=> user or nil
    

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54. password_challenge
    Current.user.update(password_params)
    def password_params
    params.require(:user).permit(
    :password,
    :password_confirmation,
    :password_challenge
    ).with_defaults(password_challenge: "")
    end
    

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55. generates_token_for
    

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56. generates_token_for
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    generates_token_for :password_reset, expires_in: 15.minutes do
    # BCrypt salt changes when password is updated
    BCrypt::Password.new(password_digest).salt[-10..]
    end
    end
    

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57. generates_token_for
    User.find_by_token_for(:password_reset, params[:token])
    #=> User or nil
    user.generate_token_for(:password_reset)
    “eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6WzkwMjU0MTYzNSwiaC9oTkRJck9uL…”
    

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58. ActiveStorage Variants
    

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59. Named variants
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    has_one_attached :avatar do |attachable|
    attachable.variant :thumbnail,
    resize_to_limit: [200, 200]
    end
    end
    

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60. Preprocessed variants
    class User < ApplicationRecord
    has_one_attached :avatar do |attachable|
    attachable.variant :thumbnail,
    resize_to_limit: [200, 200],
    preprocessed: true
    end
    end
    

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61. if @project.file.previewable?
    @project.file.preview(:thumbnail)
    elsif @project.file.variable?
    @project.file.variant(:thumbnail)
    end
    # Render a preview or variant
    @project.file.represenation(:thumbnail)
    Representations
    

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62. Fact
    L
    Learn
    

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